Good kumikata (gripping) is essential for controlling your opponent. Before any throw can be executed, you must first establish effective grips. Grip fighting—the battle for dominant hand position—often determines who can attack and who must defend.

The Standard Grips

In Judo, the fundamental grip consists of two hands working together:

Tsurite (Lifting Hand)

The tsurite grips the collar (eri) area and is responsible for controlling your opponent's posture and upper body. For a right-handed fighter, this is the right hand gripping the left lapel. The tsurite lifts, pushes, and guides your opponent during throws.

Hikite (Pulling Hand)

The hikite grips the sleeve (sode) and controls your opponent's arm and balance. For a right-handed fighter, this is the left hand gripping the right sleeve. The hikite pulls, steers, and creates the direction of kuzushi.

Grip Positions

Right vs. Right (Kenka Yotsu)

When both fighters are right-handed (or both left-handed), they face each other with opposite sides forward. This is called kenka yotsu (opposite stance). In this position, your tsurite can reach your opponent's collar naturally, but sleeve grips require crossing your body.

Right vs. Left (Ai Yotsu)

When a right-handed fighter faces a left-handed fighter, both have the same side forward. This is ai yotsu (same stance). Grip fighting becomes different—you're both reaching for the same side of each other's judogi.

Why Gripping Matters

Control

Your grips are your steering wheel. With proper grips, you can move your opponent where you want them, create openings, and set up your attacks. Without good grips, you're fighting blind.

Kuzushi

Effective kuzushi starts with effective grips. The pulling, pushing, and steering that breaks balance happens through your hands. Weak grips mean weak kuzushi.

Defense

Denying your opponent good grips is one of the most effective defensive strategies. If they can't establish their preferred grips, their attacks become much less dangerous.

"The match is won in grip fighting. Once I have my grips, the throw is just a formality."

— Elite Judoka's Saying

Basic Grip Fighting Strategies

Get Your Grips First

Be proactive rather than reactive. Move forward confidently and establish your grips before worrying about what your opponent is doing. The judoka who gets their grips first typically controls the exchange.

Grip and Move

Don't grip and stand still. As soon as you establish a grip, begin moving. Movement creates opportunities and prevents your opponent from settling into a defensive position.

Break Unwanted Grips

If your opponent establishes a grip that limits your movement or enables their attacks, break it. Common methods include:

  • Two-on-one: Use both hands to strip a single grip
  • Circular motion: Rotate your arm to break free
  • Posting: Push against their body to create space
  • Drop and pull: Lower your arm and pull it sharply back

Use Your Grips

Once you have good grips, use them immediately. Don't hold grips without purpose—attack, move your opponent, or create openings. Grips that aren't being used can be broken.

Advanced Grip Variations

As you progress, you'll learn to use different grips for different situations:

High Collar Grip

Gripping behind the neck gives tremendous control over posture but limits some techniques. Useful for throws like Tai-otoshi and Sumi-otoshi.

Belt Grip

Gripping the belt provides excellent control for hip throws and is particularly useful when you've broken through your opponent's initial defense.

Cross Grip (Kumi-te)

Gripping the same-side lapel (right hand on right lapel) creates unusual angles and opens up different techniques. Particularly effective for sacrifice throws.

Gripping Rules in Competition

Modern competition Judo has rules about gripping to promote action:

  • You cannot grip below the belt in standing
  • Excessive defensive gripping can result in penalties
  • You must attack if you establish certain grips (like belt or leg)
  • Breaking grips without attacking can be penalized

These rules exist to prevent stalling and encourage dynamic Judo. Understanding them helps you grip fight effectively within the rules.

Developing Grip Strength

Grip fighting is physically demanding. To compete at higher levels, you need to develop grip-specific strength:

  • Gi pull-ups: Hang a judogi over a pull-up bar and grip the lapels
  • Rope climbing: Excellent for grip endurance
  • Towel hangs: Hang from a towel to develop finger strength
  • Randori: The best grip training is simply more training

Conclusion

Kumikata is the foundation of standing Judo. Your throws can only be as good as the grips that set them up. By developing strong, strategic gripping, you create the conditions for successful attacks while denying your opponents the same. Start paying attention to grip fighting from the beginning of your Judo journey—it's not just a preliminary to the "real" Judo; it is Judo.