Single attacks rarely work against skilled opponents. As you progress in Judo, you'll discover that experienced judoka can defend against most individual techniques. The solution is renraku-waza—combination attacks that chain techniques together to create openings.
What is Renraku-waza?
Renraku-waza (連絡技) translates to "combination techniques" or "linked techniques." It describes the practice of flowing from one throw attempt into another, using your opponent's defensive reaction to set up a follow-up attack. The first technique may or may not be intended to score—its primary purpose might be to create the opening for the second.
The Principle of Action-Reaction
Every attack creates a reaction. When you attempt a forward throw, your opponent typically responds by pulling back or stiffening. When you attack backward, they lean forward or brace. These predictable reactions become opportunities for follow-up attacks in the opposite direction.
This is why combinations often pair forward and backward throws, or right-side and left-side attacks. The opponent's defense against the first attack creates the kuzushi for the second.
Classic Combinations
O-uchi-gari to O-soto-gari
One of the most fundamental combinations. When you attack with O-uchi-gari (major inner reap), your opponent typically steps their attacked leg back and shifts weight to their other leg. This shift makes that leg vulnerable to O-soto-gari (major outer reap). The inside attack opens the door for the outside attack.
Ko-uchi-gari to Seoi-nage
Attack with Ko-uchi-gari to the inside of their leg. When they resist by pulling their leg back and leaning away, transition immediately to Seoi-nage. Their backward lean has created the forward kuzushi you need.
O-soto-gari to Harai-goshi
When your O-soto-gari is blocked, your opponent often brings their weight forward to resist. Use this momentum—continue turning and transition to Harai-goshi. Your opponent walks into the hip throw.
Seoi-nage to Ko-uchi-gari
If your Seoi-nage entry is blocked and your opponent leans back, abort the turn and use Ko-uchi-gari on the leg that's bearing their weight. Their defensive posture makes the foot technique more effective.
Uchi-mata to Ouchi-gari
When Uchi-mata is defended by stepping the attacked leg over, your opponent often ends up with weight on their back leg. Drop into O-uchi-gari to reap that supporting leg.
— Traditional Judo Teaching"The first attack is the question. The second attack is the answer."
Building Your Combinations
Start with Your Tokui-waza
Your tokui-waza (favorite technique) should be the centerpiece of your combinations. Build attacks that set it up and follow-ups for when it's blocked. If your best throw is O-soto-gari, develop entries into it and alternatives when it fails.
Learn Complementary Techniques
Some techniques naturally complement each other:
- Forward throws pair with backward throws (Seoi-nage with O-uchi-gari)
- Inside attacks pair with outside attacks (O-uchi-gari with O-soto-gari)
- Standing techniques pair with sacrifice techniques
- Foot techniques pair with hip or hand techniques
Practice Transitions
The key to effective combinations is smooth transitions. Practice flowing from one technique to another until the movement becomes natural. Uchi-komi should include combination sequences, not just single techniques.
Timing and Commitment
Commit to the First Attack
A half-hearted first attack won't create a meaningful reaction. Your opponent needs to genuinely defend for you to exploit their defense. Commit to your initial technique as if you intend to complete it.
Read the Reaction
Learn to feel how your opponent responds. Are they pulling back? Stepping around? Stiffening? Each response opens different follow-up opportunities. With experience, you'll read these reactions instantly.
Transition Immediately
The window for follow-up attacks is brief. If you hesitate after a blocked technique, your opponent recovers their balance. The transition should be immediate—almost anticipated before the first attack is fully defended.
Three-Technique Combinations
As you advance, you can chain three or more techniques. For example:
- Ko-uchi-gari → Seoi-nage → O-uchi-gari (if Seoi is blocked)
- O-soto-gari → O-uchi-gari → O-soto-gari (attacking alternating legs)
- Uchi-mata → Ko-uchi-gari → Uchi-mata (using the reaction each time)
Conclusion
Renraku-waza transforms Judo from a collection of individual techniques into a fluid, strategic art. The judoka who understands combinations is always one step ahead—they've already planned their next attack before the first one lands. Start developing your combination game now, and you'll find that opponents who once seemed impossible to throw become vulnerable to your linked attacks.